Jammu and Kashmir is a land inhabitated by various Tribal groups. These Tribal Groups are spread in almost every corner of the Hill State making its culture and tradition more rich and colorful. Dogri is the major language used by these tribesmen for conversation among them. Dogri has a status of official language under 8th schedule. The present Jammu and Kashmir region is inhabited by several enormous tribes like the Dogras populating in the plains, the Pahadis of the hills and the nomadic mountain-dwelling tribes of the Gujjars, etc. These tribes of Jammu and Kashmir make up the authentic and characteristic ethnic culture of this primeval state and its tribal culture.
List of Scheduled Tribes:
As declared vide constitution (J&K) Scheduled Tribes order, 1989 (as amended vide order no. 3 of 1991 and order no. 36 of 1991):
- Balti
- Beda
- Botboto
- Brokpa, drokpa, dara, shin
- Changpa
- Garra
- Mon
- Purjpa
- Gujjar
- Bakarwal
- Gaddi
- Sippi
Major Tribes are
Balti Tribe
Known to be descendants of Celtic communities settled in Scandinavia. The BaltisofLadakh region of Jammu and Kashmir are, on the other hand, related to many other communities in Kazakhstan, Russia and Ukraine.
Bakarwal
Bakarwal is a nomadic tribe based in the pirpanjal and himalayas of South Asia. They are mainly goatherds and shepherds. They are called as dhangar in rest of India.
Dogra
Known to be descendants of the Aryans, as some historians believe who later get settled on the southern hilly tracts of Kashmir, stretching up to the Punjab Plains. The DograRajputs among Hindus and Chibals and Sudans, the chief sects of Muslim Rajputs are martial races, whereas the origination of the Khatris and Mahajans of Punjab have been in some dispute, with the only acknowledged factor about their basic occupation of commerce and trade.
Gujjar
Gujjarsare known as the nomadic herdrers living on the hills of Kashmir valley.By some historians Gujjars are believed to be descendants ofRajputs of Rajasthan, who had converted to Islam and started dwelling atop hills and rearing cattle. The Gujjar tribes of Jammu and Kashmir is better known for its skillfull servant to the wild goats when walking and meandering through the narrow hilly tracts.
Brokpa
They inhibit the areas adjoining Drass valley and known to be descents of the Dards of Chilas in Gilgitregion.harsh environmental conditions led their ancestors to migrate to better areas.
Changpa
The Changpaof Ladakh are high altitude pastoralists, raising mainly yaks and goats. Among the LadakhChangpa, those who are still nomadic are known as Phalpa, and they take their herds from in the Hanley Valley to the village of Lato. Hanley is home to six isolated settlements, where the sedentary Changpa, the Fangpa reside.
Beda
live mostly in the Ladakh region, where they practise their traditional occupation of musicianship. They are predominantly followers of the Muslim faith, although some are Buddhists. According to some scholars, they are an untouchable group.
Schemes for Tribal development
Bank tie up scheme
Scheduled Tribes Category persons who are permanent resident of J&K State, living Below the Poverty Line(BPL) and are not defaulters of any financial institution can avail this scheme to establish the income generating unit costing upto Rs.1.00 Lac. The corporation sponsors loan proposals of eligible persons to various banks in accordance with the “SERVICE AREA APPROACH” for financing.
Scheme in collaboration with NSTFDC and MTA
The Financing schemes for socio-economic upliftment of eligible Scheduled Tribes category persons, to establish income generating unit is available in collaboration with’ National Scheduled Castes Finance & Development Corporation(NSTFDC), Govt. of India, New Delhi.
Skill Development programme
The corporation has been undertaking various skill development programme by imparting training to the candidates of the target groups to develop their skills and knowledge with a view to enhance their competence for wage employment /self employment. Under the scheme the corporation arranges need based vocational training/ skill development programme with the financial support from NSTFDC, New Delhi or other sources. The corporation bears 100% cost of training.
Marketing linkages
Besides other development activities, the corporation is promoting facilities for its beneficiaries by providing opportunities to participate in the country’s leading fairs like; India International Trade Fair, DilliHaat, Surajkund Craft Mela as well as in exhibitions/fairs organized in other States on important occasions and festivals etc. The events not only give much needed marketing exposure to these artisans/beneficiaries but also provide an opportunity to market their products at good price which usually they find difficult in their own places.
The corporation can assist a wide range of activities for financing mainly under the following broad sectors:
- Transport Sector activities
- Agriculture & Allied Activities;
- Small Business/ Trade
- Tiny/ Cottage industry or Service activities.
- Artisan & Traditional activitie
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