Evolution of rajasthani languages from Shaurseni Prakrit
Saureni Prakrit is then developed into:-
- Gurjar in western region
- Shaurseni in eastern region (Apram bhasha)
Gurjar-
- Maru Gurjar or old Rajasthani
- its common language of Rajasthan and Gujrat
- 1st work was Bhrateshwar Bahubali Ghor by Vajrasensuri in 1168 ad
- In 15th century it evolved to Dingal
- Dingal was generally used in ballards and chronicles of warriors heroic deeds in the mewar and Marwar region
Shaurseni-
- It developed in Pingal which is a rajasthani variation of Braj Bhasha
- It was largely used for devotional and erotic poetry
Charans:-
- they preserves the glorious and martial deeds of their patrons
- Khayat- Chronicles
- Vats- Accounts of past events
- Vigats-Gazettes
Decline of Rajasthani Languages after the British rule was mainly due to following factors:-
- Outdated feudal system
- Growth of Printing press,newspaper and free discussion was largely discouraged in the princely states.
- Royal patronage to rajasthani was largely discontinued.
- Influence of Hindi
- Growth of Khardi boli
Present status of Rajasthani Languages and their main variations –
- Kamdhari- Nagari script mainly used in administration
- Jain style- Manuscript writing
- Modiya- Used by Trading class
- Shasti- Common people language.
Rajasthani Literature can be classified into three categories, which are as follows:-
- Sanskrit and Prakrit
- Rajasthani
- Hindi
Sanskrit and Prakrit
Major literature of Sanskrit and prakrit developed in Rajasthan are as follows:-
- Shishupal Vadh by poet Magh
- Samaraichcha Katha by Hari Bhadra Suri
- Kuvalaya Mala by Udyotan Suri
- Upmiti Bharva Prancha Katha by Sidhi Rishi
- Harkaili by Vigrah Raj Chauhan IV of Ajmer
- Prithvi Raj Vijay by Prithvi Raj Chauhan
- Geet Goving and Sangeet Raj by Jai deva
- Charan Literature
Rajasthani
Major literature of Rajasthani developed in Rajasthan are classified into three styles which are as follows:-
- Jain- such as Prithvi Raj charit by Manak Chandra
- Dingal or Charan- like Prithvi Raj Raso by Chand Bardai, Rao Jaitasirau Chhanda by Vithu Sujo Nagarjota.
- Popular- like Veli Krishna Rukmani by Prithvi raj Rathore, Vansh Bhaskar by Surya Mal, Songs of Meera Bai, Khayal which are dance drama’s
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