Astivya RAS class notes

  A Financial Statement is an organized collection of data according to logical and consistent accounting procedures. Its purpose is to convey an understanding of some financial aspects of a business firm. It may show assets position at a moment of time as in the case of balance sheet, or may reveal a series of … Read more

  Meaning of Working Capital Every business needs funds for two purposes for its establishment and to carry out its day-to-day operations. Capital required for a business can be classified under two main categories viz. (i) Fixed capital (ii) Working capital. Long-term funds are required to create production facilities through purchase of fixed assets such … Read more

RESPONSIBILITY   ACCOUNTING Responsibility accounting is a management control system based on the principles of delegating and locating responsibility. The authority is delegated on responsibility centre and accounting for the responsibility centre. Responsibility accounting is a system under which managers are given decisions making authority and responsibility for each activity occurring within a specific area of … Read more

AUDITING Auditing is the on-site verification activity, such as inspection or examination, of a process or quality system, to ensure compliance to requirements. An audit can apply to an entire organization or might be specific to a function, process, or production step. Meaning of Auditing: Auditing is an examination of the books of accounts and … Read more

  Subscribe on YouTube An internal control is a procedure or policy put in place by management to safeguard assets, promote accountability, increase efficiency, and stop fraudulent behaviour. In other words, an internal control is a process put in place to prevent employees from stealing assets or committing fraud. An internal control is a business … Read more

SOCIAL AUDIT “Social auditing is defined as a systematic attempt to identify, analyse, measure (if possible), evaluate, and monitor the effect of an organisation’s operations on society (that is, specific social groups) and on the public well-being.” Social audit as a term was used as far back as the 1950s. In a nutshell, it refers … Read more

Basics of different types of Budgeting, Budgetary control Table of Content:- Budgeting- Join Our Telegram Channel Different types of Budgeting Budgetary Control Responsibility Accounting Social Accounting Different types of Deficits- Budgetary Fiscal Revenue Deficit   Budgeting Budgeting is the process of estimating the availability of resources and then allocating them to various activities of an … Read more