| | | | | | Nastika Shools of Indian System of Philosophy | |
| Charvaka | | Believes only in materialism. No life beyond death, no soul no god. |
| Jaina | | | The names of two tirthankaras, Rishabhanath & Aristhanemia finds mention in Rig Veda. |
| 540 BC | | Twenty third was Parsva, son of Ishvaku king Asvasena. Said to have flourished 300 yrs |
| | | | | before Mahavira. Mahavira, the last Tirthankara born in Kundagrama near Vaisali. His | |
| | | | | father Siddhartha was the head of Jnatrika clan & mother Trisala was the sister of Chetaka, | |
| | | | | a Lichchhavi noble. Chetaka’s dauthter was married to Bimbisara the king of Magadha. | |
| | | | | Mahavira was married to Yasoda. Left home at 30 & attained Kaivalya at 42. He accepted | |
| | | | | 4 doctrines of Parsava & added celibacy to it. Chandragupta Maurya patronized it. Passed | |
| | | | | away at Pawapuri. | |
| Buddha | | Gautama (known as Siddhartha as prince) was born in Lumbini near Kapilvastu to |
| 566 B.C. | | Suddhodhana, the king of Sakya republic & Mayadevi who died seven days after his birth. |
| | | | | Gautama was married to Yasodhara from whom he had a son Rahul. 6 years of meditation | |
| | | | | led to enlightenment. First sermon in Sarnath known as ‘Set in motion the wheel of law’. | |
| | | | | Eight fold paths. Buddhism denies efficacy of vedic rituals & superiority of brahmanas. | |
| | | | | Followers were upasakas & bhikshus. Died at the age of 80 in Kushinagar. | |
| | | | | | Astika Schools of Indian System of Philosophy | |
| Vaisesika | | | | Five elements – Earth, water, air, fire, Ether. | | |
| Nyaya | | | | Accepts all categories of Vaisesika & adds one Abhava (negation). | | |
| Samkhya | | | | Oldest of all. Twenty five basic principles first being ‘Prakriti’. Gives | | |
| | | | | | | | doctrine of 3 qualities – virtue (sattva), passion (rajas) & dullness (tamas) | | |
| Yoga | | | | | | Salvation through: Yama (self control), Niyama, Asanas, Pranayama, | | |
| | | | | | | | Pratyahara (restrain), Dharana (steady mind), Dhyana & Samadhi. | | |
| Mimamsa | | | | Recognises Vedas as final authority. | | |
| Vedanta | | | | Adi Sankara is protagonist. Ultimate reality ‘Brahma’ is one. Highest | | |
| | | | | | | | level of truth is that the whole world that exists is Maya. Ramanuja | | |
| | | | | | | | (founder of Sri Vaishnavism) differed from Sankara on his commentaries | | |
| | | | | | | | on Upanishads & Gita. | | |